For the formulation and implementation of the different building codes made for different categories of buildings in Nepal, the classification of buildings was necessary for Nepal. To fulfill the need, and to reduce the risk to lives due to earthquakes and other natural disasters, Nepal Government, on 2060/09/02 has decided and classified Buildings in Nepal into four categories namely Category A, Category B, Category C, and Category D which come under Nepal Rashtriya Bhawan Nirman Sanhita 2060 B.S. . This categorization of buildings helps Engineers, Architects, Designers, Urban Planners, etc., and the various kind of Businesses, Technicians connected in the construction field of Nepal and the government itself to set parameters and requirements for a specific type of building in Nepal. Classification of Buildings becomes very necessary while applying for Building Drawing approval for any kind of Building in the Metropolitan cities, Sub-Metropolitan cities, Municipalities, and Rural Municipalities in Nepal. It also helps civil engineering consultancies, construction companies, and Civil Engineers in Government offices to decide the building categories and check the design parameters of the buildings as per their categories. It helps the local governments to formulate Building Bye-Laws of their region So, it is a must for civil engineers to know about the classification of buildings in Nepal. So, the four categories of Buildings in Nepal are as follows:
1. Category A (International state of the arts): Modern building to be built, based on the international state-of-the-art, also in pursuance of the building codes to be followed in developed countries or include all buildings having more than five stories including Ground Floor. It shall be designed considering all the seismic risks in Nepal. It also consists of High Rise Buildings having a height of more than 16m from the road level which serve a lot of crowds like hospitals, schools, cinema halls, auditoriums, etc. i.e. the buildings of national, social, and institutional importance. It also includes construction related to telecommunication activities, petroleum or fuel storage, Airports, stadiums, etc. The following NBC Codes of Nepal may be used under this Buildings category.
NBC 000 (Requirement of state of Art Design and Introduction)
2. Category B (Professionally Engineered Buildings): Buildings with a Plinth area of more than 1000 sq. ft. with more than three floors and up to 5 floors including the ground floor or with a structural span of more than 4.5 meters or having a slab panel of more than 4.5mX3m. It includes the buildings that do not fall under Category A, B, and D with heights more than 9m and less than 16m. It also includes the building having a pile or mat or foundation, having eccentric columns, or having high sensitivity to wind forces like factories, Mills, Gowdowns, Residential or commercial buildings, etc. The following NBC Codes of Nepal may be used under this Buildings category.
NBC 101, NBC 102, NBC 103, NBC 104, NBC 105, NBC 106, NBC 107, NBC 108, NBC 109, NBC 110, NBC 111, NBC 112, NBC 114, NBC 206, NBC 207, NBC 208
3. Category C (Mandatory Rules of Thumb-MTR Buildings): Buildings with a Plinth area upto1000 sq. ft. with more than three floors including the ground floor or with a structural span of up to 4.5 meters. These are buildings that are designed by engineers and architects with simple regular designs, basically used for residential purposes, low live loads, etc... It includes the building which does not fall under Category A, B, and D. The following NBC Codes of Nepal may be used under this category of Buildings.
NBC 201, NBC 202, NBC 203, NBC 204, NBC 205
4. Category D (Remote Rural Buildings/ Low Strength Earthen Buildings): Small Houses, sheds made up to two stories of Rural areas of baked or unbaked bricks, stone, clay, bamboo, grass, etc. except those set in the above Category A, B, and C. The ground floor area shall be up to 75 sq.m. total area of the building shall not be more than 150 Sq.m. The building which does not come under categories A, B, and C comes under it. The following NBC Codes of Nepal may be used under this Buildings category.
NBC 203, NBC 204.
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Note: Reference is taken from the Building Approval Book of Mayadevi Rural Municipality, Rupandehi, and the Website of the Nepal Law Commission.
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